Improvement in bakers  ovens



,Nrrn" TATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS MAYES, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT lN BAKERS OVENS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 210,045, dated November 19, 1878; application filed October 27, 1876.

. To all whom it may concern: 4

Be it known that I, THOMAS MAYES, of the city and county of Albany, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens, of which the following is a full and'exact de scription, reference being had to the accompanyin g drawings. making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of my oven, showing one side in section through the line a as, Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a horizontal section at the line 3 y, Fig. 1, having a portion of its intermediate parts broken away'to show the arch over the fire-box; and Fig. 3, a transverse vertical section through its center.

My invention relates to ovens for bakers uses; and consists in the peculiar construction and combination of its parts, as hereinafter shown and described.

As shown in the drawings, A represents the exterior easing, which may be made of brick or of metal, protected by non-conducting material, to prevent the escape of heat. Within it, and near its bottom, is a horizontal partition, B, provided with an arched. portion, 0, which separates the fire-chamber D from-the upper chamber of the structure wherein the ovens are placed.

The arched portion 0, which I preferably make of fire-brick, is placed over the detachable fire-box E, which contains the burning fuel. and which may be removed from the chamber D when an excess of heat in the upper chamber requires it. A series of openings, 0, formed in the arch O afibrds the means for the heated gases to pass from the fireehamber into the upper chamber, containing the ovens. A deflecting-plate, F, is fixed over the top of the areh,either in contact therewith or a little distance therefrom, for the purpose of deflecting the heated gases to the outer parts of the chamber. The more intense heat naturally accumulating at the top of the arch passes through it and radiates through the upper chamber.

The ovens G may be made either of metal or of hollow brick, in such manner that the gaseous and other impurities from the burning fuel cannot penetrate into them; and for the purpose of economizing space they are arranged in tiers, one above another. are sustained in their places by means of the bearing-bars H, which are provided with openings h, to allow for the free circulation of heat at all points beneath the ovens.

Between each two tiers of ovens a horizontal division plate, I, is fixed, as shown in the drawings, so as to leave a free space above and below it for the circulation of heat. It is constructed so as to leave an opening, 5', be-

tween it and the front and rear walls of the casing A, and with a series of openings, 4 at each end of it. These openings 6 and i are governed by sliding dampers J, which are provided at their. ends with openings corresponding with the openings 43 of the divisionplate 1, and are operated by the rods j, projecting through the front of the casing A. By means of these dampers the heat surrounding the upper tier of ovens may be regulated at pleasure; or by closing the dampers the upper ovens may be shut off from the heat and not used except when occasion requires. In this manner a great saving of fuel is effected when the full capacity of the ovens is not demanded.

A flue, K, is formed at the back of the upper chamber by means of the wall It, leading from which are the flue-openings L, communicat-ing with the escape-flue M.

The oven-mouths N are provided with the usual doors n, and. for the purpose of prevent ing an excessive waste of heat while baking cake, pastry, or other small articles, with the detachable check-plates O, which keep the upper portion of the oven-mouths closed while the doors are opened, and thereby retain the hottest portion of the air in the oven, which would otherwise escape into the atmosphere.

Over each oven-mouth an opening is made leading into the flues P, through which the steam escaping from the ovens passes off into the atmosphere.

The top of the casing Q is made of any suit able non-conducting material, and is supported by the bearing-bars R. g

The circulation of the currents of heat is indicated by the arrows on the drawings.

Instead of the four ovens shown in the They drawings, any greater or lesser number may 2. The combination of the ovens G with the be arranged in a like manner when desirable. fines P, as and for the purpose herein specified. I claim as my invention- 3. In combination with the ovens G, the 1. The combination, with the casing A, havbearing-bars H, provided Withthe openings ing a partition, B, arch 0, provided with the h, as and for the purpose herein specified.

opening 0, and deflecting plate F, of the THOMAS MAYES. detachable fire-box E, ovens Gr, division-plate Witnesses: I, dampers J, and fines K, L, and M, as and WILLIAM H. LOW,

for the purpose herein set forth. l GEORGE LINDSLEY. 

